The Causes of Altruism Essay -- Psychology

How do humans actually behave when faced with the decision to help others? The innate desire that compels humans to help is called altruism by psychologists. Through this feeling, humans transform from a selfish jerk to a more compassionate and caring person. Some psychologists believe that this feeling stems from nature itself. Despite the fact that some altruistic acts originate from the pressures of society, altruism predominantly comes from the survival of the fittest, the feeling of empathy, and the selfish desire to benefit your own kin. Before a case can be made for the causes of altruism, altruism itself must first be defined. Most leading psychologists agree that the definition of altruism is â€Å"a motivational state with the ultimate goal of increasing another’s welfare.† (Batson, 1981). The only way for a person to be truly altruistic is if their intent is to help the community before themselves. However, the only thing humans can see is the actions themselves, and so, selfish intent may seem the same as altruistic intent. Alas, the only way that altruism can be judged is if the intent is obvious. Through that, we must conclude that only certain intents can be defined as altruistic, and as intent stemming from nature benefits the group while other intent benefits yourself, only actions caused by nature are truly altruistic. Some psychologists believe that altruism stems from evolution, or the survival of the fittest. They point to examples where ants will willingly bury themselves to seal the anthill from foreign attacks, or the honeybee’s sting. That sting rips out the honeybee’s own internal organs, and has been described as â€Å"instruments of altruistic self-sacrifice. Although the individual dies, the bee’... ...ence for Altruism: Toward a Pluralism of Prosocial Motives.† Psychological Inquiry 2.2 (1991): 107-122. Web. 5.Feb. 2012. Dach-Gruschow, Karl Otto. Peace on Earth and Goodwill Toward Men: Altruism of Long Term Volunteers Diss. University of Illinois at Urbana-Chamaign, 2011. Print. Gintis, Herbert, Samuel Bowles, Robert Boyd, and Ermst Fehr. â€Å"Explaining Altruistic Behavior in Humans.† Evolution and Human Behavior 24 (2003): 153-172. Web. 5 Feb. 2012 Nunney, Len. â€Å"Group Selection, Altruism, and Structured-Deme Models.† The American Naturalist 126.2 (1985): 212-230. Web. 10 Feb. 2012. Rushton, J. Philippe. â€Å"Is Altruism Innate?† Psychological Inquiry 2.2 (1991): 141-143. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. Thomas, George and C. Daniel Batson. â€Å"Effect of Helping Under Normative Pressure on Self-Perceived Altruism.† Social Psychology Quarterly 44.2 (1981): 127-131. Web. 5 Feb. 2012