Nursing Infomatics-Tele-Nursing - 2236 Words

Introduction Tele-nursing is the use of telecommunications technology such as videos, computers and tele-monitoring technologies to provide nursing care and advice at a distance. This growing technology offers many advantages in the delivery of healthcare information, disease monitoring, health promotion and disease prevention services, as well as nursing diagnosis, treatment and education to patient at home from a centralized location. Tele-nursing can be instrumental in helping patients and families to be active participants in their care, particularly in the self-management of chronic illness such as congestive heart failure. It is a service that is currently offered by a growing number of hospitals and health maintenance†¦show more content†¦There was 50% readmission rate within 6months of being discharged. The main reason for readmission was failure of the patient to identify warning signs of heart failure exacerbation such as shortness of breath and weight gain. The researchers used a 24hrs health information line called Vitaline to the patients to reinforce education received in the hospital on discharge. Through Vitaline 854 CHF admission between 2002 to 2005 dropped to 200 at the completion of the program. The cost of care was also analyzed and it resulted in a 57% reduction in cost due to a decrease in the length of stay. In closing the program has shown excellent outcomes using the limited, though expert, resources. The research is relevant to tele-nursing as it shows that patients care can continue outside the walls of a hospital or nursing home and that there can be a reduction in the readmission of chronically ill patient. Resource 3 Hutcherson, C. (2001). Legal Considerations for Nurses Practicing in a Telehealth Setting. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. 6,(3), 3. Retrieved August 3, 2008 from www: nursingworld.org/ojin The author Carolyn Hutcherson , RN, MS, specializes in health care regulatory issues with special emphasis on licensure and credentialing, telehealth and e-health. She examines the complexity of the legal and regulatory bodies to understand and

The Success Of Apple Software Corporation - 2925 Words

Christine Carnes MGT 303 July 26, 2015 Rich Abshier The Success of Apple Introduction A successful company is like a well-engineered and constructed building. The foundation of the building is well grounded – powerfully anchored to the concrete base and the steel that will support the building. Amid the systematically arranged infrastructure, is the steel skeleton made of cement columns and beams that will support the outer facade. In like manner, a successful company begins with a vision and a mission statement. These two critical elements define what an organization values, and they set clear goals and objectives for every employee to achieve. The Apple Software Corporation is indisputably one of the most successful and†¦show more content†¦Development and Implementation of Organizational Strategy Apple’s development and implementation of organizational strategy are revealed in the dynamics of its framework. Like a sturdy building, a good company should be designed upon the skeletal basis of planning, organizing, leading and controlling . Under the planning framework, an organization will choose its most likely course of action. Through effective planning, clear objectives and goals are implemented from the vision and mission statements, which are developed early within this phase. Even so, a formal mission statement was never created by the founders of Apple. What started out as a personal computer, created in 1970 between Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, grew into the Apple Company in 1977 (Farfan, 2015). However, unlike the traditional vision and mission statements found in many prosperous companies, the official mission statement found on the Apple Corporation website is more or less a list of products and past accomplishments (Farfan, 2015). Nevertheless, their mission has clearly attained its objective. One can say it communicated the purpose of their stakeholders, found in this listing of all the fledgling company’s accomplishments. The reason for this company’s existence today can be attributed to the vision of Steve Jobs. He showed the world that valuable The Success Of Apple Software Corporation - 2925 Words Christine Carnes MGT 303 July 26, 2015 Rich Abshier The Success of Apple Introduction A successful company is like a well-engineered and constructed building. The foundation of the building is well grounded – powerfully anchored to the concrete base and the steel that will support the building. Amid the systematically arranged infrastructure, is the steel skeleton made of cement columns and beams that will support the outer facade. In like manner, a successful company begins with a vision and a mission statement. These two critical elements define what an organization values, and they set clear goals and objectives for every employee to achieve. The Apple Software Corporation is indisputably one of the most successful and profitable companies both within the United States and abroad. In essence, Apple s value, as determined by its stock price, was $728.35 billion, as of June 2015 (Elgan, 2015). Comparatively, the market value of Apple exceeded the world’s second most valuable company, Exon-Mobile, by a ratio of nearly two to one (Elgan, 2015). With due respect, the Apple Software Company has triumphed in corporate America due to their unique corporate culture - deviating from some of the basic fundamentals that define other business cultures. Some factors contributing to the success of the Apple Corporation can be found in the company’s initial organizational strategy, the leadership techniques used, the leadership’s ability to motivate the workforce andShow MoreRelatedThe Success Of Apple Software Corporation2925 Words   |  12 PagesChristine Carnes MGT 303 July 26, 2015 Rich Abshier The Success of Apple Introduction A successful company is like a well-engineered and constructed building. The foundation of the building is well grounded – powerfully anchored to the concrete base and the steel that will support the building. Amid the systematically arranged infrastructure, is the steel skeleton made of cement columns and beams that will support the outer facade. In like manner, a successful company begins with a vision andRead MoreApple Corporation : Competitive Advantage With Evolving External Environment And Executive Succession Essay1493 Words   |  6 PagesThe Apple Corporation Apple Corporation was initially operating into the personal computer arena but later diversified into other segments. The change was brought by changes in management and differences in views that were coupled with missed opportunities resulting in loss of competitive advantages. The company currently operates in the music and personal computer industry as part of its initiative to continue providing innovative products for its customers. Despite venturing into differentRead MoreApple And Its Impact On The Company1448 Words   |  6 PagesApple Apple has in recent times become a corporation that many businesses look up to due to their large amounts of success. Over time they have amassed one of the largest fortunes that any businesses have ever seen. In fact they have more funds in their account than some countries do. Having about 159 Billion dollars in cash reserves is no small feat but it wasn’t like this from the beginning (Ro). Apple had to work their way up just like any other corporation. The Apple we know today has beenRead More Sharp Corporation Essay833 Words   |  4 PagesSharp Corporation SHARP CORPORATION: Technology Strategy Summary Sharp Corporation was established in 1912 by Tokuji Hayakawa as a small workshop. The Company was a small, second-tier assembler of TV sets and home appliances which competed mainly on price. However in the early 1970 Sharp Corporation focused on technologies which competitors ignore , developed expertise in certain electronic devices, such as integrated circuits and liquid crystal displays (LCD) and used them to develop innovativeRead MoreRunning Head : Apple Inc.1637 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: APPLE INC. Apple Inc. is a technological corporation that offers personal communication devices and the solutions to the related software,. The products produced by Apple Inc. include; iPhone, iPad, Mac, Apple Television, iPod, software applications, the iOS and OSX operating systems, iCloud, and many different accessories and the support offerings. Apple Inc. is also a supplier of digital content and applications via the services and support offerings. The products sellRead MoreApple As A Global Multinational Corporation Based Out Of Cupertino1407 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Apple is a global multinational corporation based out of Cupertino, California Apple designs, sells and develops personal computers, computer software and consumer electronics. Apple was founded by the late Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne. A few of Apple’s most popular products are the I Pad, the I Phone, the I Pod music player and of course the line of MAC pc’s. In addition to the host of hardware electronics that Apple makes and manufactures, Apple also makes consumerRead Moreâ€Å"Apple Inc --- Failing and Succeeding† Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesChapter Seven (Making Decisions) Application Case: â€Å"Apple Inc --- Failing and Succeeding† 1) How would you classify each of Apple’s two decisions --- programmed or nonprogrammed? Explain your answer. The decision regarding Apple’s choice to not license their operating system and software to other computer companies was a non-programmed decision because the decision was made solely on the fact they were the first (pioneer) to introduce an operating system and thought that they were superiorRead MoreDifferent Dimensions Of Apple s Products And Services1573 Words   |  7 Pagesdimensions of Apple’s products and services, the major factors in the external environment that can potentially impact on its success, influence of key stakeholders on financial performance, and contentious corporate social responsibility issues surrounding the company. The Nature, Structure, and Types of Apple’s Products and Services Apple is famous for leading-edge products. Founded in 1976 , the company essentially dealt in manufacturing of personal computersRead MoreTaking a Look at Apple Inc.1052 Words   |  4 PagesApple Inc. is an American Multinational corporation that designs, develops and sells consumer electronics, Software and personal computers. Apple Inc.’s best known hardware products are the iPhone smartphone, ipod media player, the mac line of computers and the ipad tablet computer. Apple Inc. is the worlds second-largest information technology company by revenue after Samsung Electronics, and the worlds third-largest mobile phone maker after Samsung and Nokia . Apple Inc.’s success in recent yearsRead MoreInternational Business Machines ( Ibm )1440 Words   |  6 PagesInternational Business Machine- IBM. IBM manufactures and sells computer hardware and software, offers infrastructure services, hosting services, and consulting services. The company is among the l eaders in almost every market in which it competes, and it primarily focuses on its services business. â€Å"While IBM made its name in computer hardware (think mainframes), the company s information technology, business services, and software units are now among the largest in the world. While it has moved from hardware

Role of Stakeholders Integrating Business

Question: Discuss about the Role of Stakeholders for Integrating Business. Answer: Introduction: Presently round about 17 nations have prolifically passed a regulatory framework depicting the huge warnings in regard to consumption of tobacco and cigarettes. There are other nations that are significantly assessing and framing jurisdictions to control the consumption of cigarettes and tobacco. The Article 11 of the World Health Organization significantly states the necessities of controlling tobacco. Over the past decade the labeling and packaging practices has grown at a rapid rate. Here we can see there are mainly two stakeholders in this debate namely Mary Bender the marketing manager of BBT and Randall Hedges the personal relations manager of BBT are involved in issuing health hazard warnings on cigarette packs (Arenas, Lozano and Albareda, 2009). The view that Mary Bender holds in this debate is quite a hardcore business perspective, where she thinks that in designing cigarette packets, the company should never give the normal health hazard warning on the packs though there were hundreds and thousands of death occurs due to cigarette smoking all over the world, especially in developing countries. As per her views profit is the ultimate thing that matters most in business and with publishing such a warning in packs BBT would go through a huge risk of losing market share to their competitors which will affect their shareholder's belief and money both. She also tries to stand firm on her views by explaining the fact that as they are almost ready to enter the Asian market, and there are many Asian countries exists where such health warnings are still not legally required (Foster and Jonker, 2003). If any such laws come into action in near future, then they are ready to apply the health warnings on the packs most rapidly than any of their competitors. She also made it clear in the debate that the Managing Director of the company holds the same view with her. In another part, Randall Hedges holds a different and quite the opposite view of what Mary Bender thinks. According to Randal Hedges, his final opinion is the company should concentrate on corporate social responsibilities such as publishing health warnings on the cigarette packs which will give their company a long-term growth and trust in the market showing a lot of concern towards their consumers as well as the society. He pointed out a very important point that in Australia where they are publishing such health warnings for many years didn't destroy their credibility nor affected their market share comparing to their competitors so he believes such health warnings will not at all destroy their market in any part of the world (Morsing, 2006). Its obvious that managing director of BBT is supporting Mary Bender because company is entering a new market where there is a lot of competitors and to grip market share health hazard warning will be a great risk to take but another part of the debate is also rational that if company shows social responsibility by giving health hazard warning then it will gain the government and consumer confidence of particular countries in long term business (Stubbs and Higgins, 2015). References Arenas, D., Lozano, J. and Albareda, L. (2009). The Role of NGOs in CSR: Mutual Perceptions Among Stakeholders.J Bus Ethics, 88(1), pp.175-197. Foster, D. and Jonker, J. (2003). Third generation quality management: the role of stakeholders in integrating business into society.Managerial Auditing Journal, 18(4), pp.323-328. Morsing, M. (2006). Corporate social responsibility as strategic auto-communication: on the role of external stakeholders for member identification.Business Ethics: A European Review, 15(2), pp.171-182. Stubbs, W. and Higgins, C. (2015). Stakeholders Perspectives on the Role of Regulatory Reform in Integrated Reporting.J Bus Ethics.

Business Outsourcing Functions Management †Myassignmemthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Business Outsourcing Functions Management? Answer: Introduction: Outsourcing is the process in which a company came into contract with another third party company to perform their function that can be done in the company itself. Most of the companies are using this process so that they can make their focus on other core activities of the company that needs more attention (Arias-Aranda, Bustinza and Barrales-Molina, 2011). Outsourcing results in contract between the two companies. The one company pays the other company to perform one of their functions. The process of outsourcing can only be successful if both the companies and the parties get ready to have mutual consent. There are many processes that can be outsourced which are not so important to be conducted in-house. Thus outsourcing those functions helps the company to invest their time and money solely on the activities that provides them large profit. Project objective: The major objective of this project is to analyse the advantages and disadvantages of business outsourcing functions. This is because outsourcing not only provides benefits but can also be harmful for the companies. Understanding the basic advantages and disadvantages from outsourcing helps the company to take better decisions. This study focuses on analysing the factors that support outsource and factors that are negative for outsourcing. Project scope: This study helps in understanding the basic concept of outsourcing and the reasons behind the same. This study can also provide the information about the factors that causes the organization to outsource some of their functions along with its advantages and disadvantages. The scope of the project is that the study can be used by the companies to make their outsourcing decisions by reducing its harmful effects an also allow the readers to analyse the disadvantages before outsourcing. Literature review: Outsourcing has become the major trends in the companies these days. This is the technique that helps the companies to transfer one of their functions to another company. This has helped in generating job opportunities or the people at large scale. Human resource is the major function that has been outsourced in most of the companies these days. This is because it is not the core activity of the organization (Lee and Choi, 2011). There are other functions that can be outsourced such as accounting functions, customer support functions; marketing functions etc. It is required by the company to ensure that the company they are choosing for outsourcing their function should be reliable. The company should contact the prior clients of that outsource company to take the reviews. Making the legal contract is another important requirement in order to have legal relationship with the outsourced firm. This is because legal interaction between the companies binds both the companies with some ob ligations that cannot be breached by them and no company can exploit each other. A company should contact all the companies that outsource the area that the company is looking for. This is to identify the availability of the companies. This information helps the company to bargain with the outsourcing firms. Investigation should be conducted for the outsourcing company so that any flaws of the company can be identified. The contracts should be made with all the clauses that are required (Gewald and Dibbern, 2009). Outsourcing is the tool that is not only about legal contract between the companies, but it also involves trust and information sharing among the companies who came into contract. This relationship can be beneficial for the both the organizations. Some of the advantages of outsourcing the business functions are: (Appendix 1) Reduction of cost: If any company outsource any of the function, they get specialists to work from them. Keeping those specialists becomes costly for them in their own companies because they may not be required every time. Hiring them can be expensive for the firm. Outsourcing firms can be used for the purposes as and when required. This reduces the operating cost of the company (Lin, Pervan and McDermid, 2007). The outsourcing firms are comparatively cheaper as well. The reason behind the low cost of outsourcing organizations is economies of scale. As the outsourcing firm conducts the single operation at high scale thus per unit cost of operations becomes low. Concentration on core activities: every organization has some core activities that directly provide them profit. Outsourcing allows the organization to concentrate on those core activities. The organizations outsource some of the support activities to the specialist third party organizations and provide their full concentration on the major activities and functions. This helped them to improve their core activities so that they can earn more revenue (Kremic, Icmeli Tukel and Rom, 2006). The companies have to divide their time and money to all the activities of the company. If one or more activities can be outsourced than the main activities or functions of the company can be prioritize. Increased flexibility: Removal of the support activity departments from the company results in conversion of fixed cost into variable cost. Flexibility can be increased in the organization such that the services from the outsourcing organization can be availed according to the demand. It is easier to close down the contract then to close down the whole department from the company. It also helps in cist saving because it is not necessary that all the services or the functions of the company are active whole year (Belcourt, 2006). Suppose if the company needs a legal advice from the advisor than it is not necessary for the fir to hire a legal advisor in the company but can contact the legal counsellor at the time of requirement. This saves the money of the company as it needs not to give salary to the legal advisor the whole year. Quality service: As discussed that the outsource firm are specialists in their functions. Thus, outsourcing one of the functions to the third party firm provides quality services to the companies. On the other hand, if the company conduct that operation in their own firm then it requires them to have knowledge about that function along with the person or the employees to handle such functions. It may be possible that they fails to hire such efficient human resource and the function get affected. Outsourcing not only provides benefits to the companies but some of the harmful effects are also faced by the companies because of outsourcing. This is because the whole function is being handover to the different company and it is very important to identify the There are many disadvantages of outsourcing the functions as well. Some of them are discussed below: Loss of jobs: As the company outsource one of its functions that mean the people or the employees who were earlier working on that function has to leave their jobs. This results in bad image of the company as the employees cannot trust the company for job security (Harland, Knight, Lamming and Walker, 2005). This also leads to bad publicity of the company and can increase the employee turnover as the employee cannot fell safe at the company. Quality issues: As far as the companys internal functions are considered, it has been analysed that these functions can be evaluated and monitored by the companys management time to time. But, these functions if outsourced from another company then the company does not have the access to monitor the same frequently. Thus, the contract of outsourcing should be made with the policies that allow the company to monitor the working of the third party timely. Customer resistance: it is very difficult to rely on third party for some kind of work such as customer support. Most of the companies outsource their customer support function to third party (Harland, Knight, Lamming and Walker, 2005). This may lead to issues such as the executive does not understand the foreign access or the language. Customers may resist dealing with the third party and needs specialists to resolve the issue. Loss security: It is the major risk that the company faces in order to outsource the function. This is because outsourcing also requires the company to share some of their private information to the third party company. Sharing of information is a biggest threat to the loss of security. It is required by the company to have legal contract with the security clauses that the company can take any legal action if the third company practice any of the unethical and illegal action by leaking the private information or sharing it to any other competitors. Ethical concerns: it is required by the company to have ethical relationship with the third party company. Even the third party company also has to maintain such ethical relationship with the company. This can be a major risk when a company comes in contract with the outsource firm. Difficult to reverse: If a function of the company is outsourced, it becomes very difficult for the company to establish it back in-house in the company. This is because breaching or breaking the contract from the outsourcing firm requires cost and implementing the process again in the organization also requires large amount of cost (Mani, Barua and Whinston, 2010). Reversing the outsourced process requires the company to invest a lot in hiring, establishing system, training etc. as all the systems and the functions in the organizations are inked with each other thus implementing a new function back to the company results in disturbance to all the other function as well. Outsourcing affects the company in both the positive as well as negative way. It is very difficult to deal with such situations. The companies have to take many initiatives to have secure outsourcing because the thus party that is selected outsource the function can misuse the information provides to them in order to make the function effective and efficient. Outsourcing at the one hand helps the company to reduce its cost on the other hand raise many risks of security. Any information if released or leaked by the third party may results in great harm to the company. Thus making the legal contract is a very important part of this process. Conclusion: It has been concluded from the above discussion that outsourcing is the process used by the company in order to save the cost of extra activities that can be outsourced frim another company which is specialised in the same area. This helps the company to reduce its cost and get efficient work from the specialised people. It also helps the company to have flexibility of using the services. The company can use the service at the time of requirement and pay according to that. there are some other disadvantages of outsourcing functions of business such as focus on the core and major functions of the company, reduction in the overall cost, saving time and energy, etc. along with all these advantages, the company which outsources their functions also have to deal with some of the disadvantages and risks. The major risk is security. This is because the company has to share their internal information with third party thus trust is the major element of outsourcing relationship. Some of the ot her disadvantages that the company faces are ethical issues, legal breaching of the contract, inefficient working of the third party, leak of information, loss of trust by the employees, lack of monitoring etc. References: Arias-Aranda, D., Bustinza, O.F. and Barrales-Molina, V., 2011. Operations flexibility and outsourcing benefits: an empirical study in service firms.The Service Industries Journal,31(11), pp.1849-1870. Lee, J.N. and Choi, B., 2011. Effects of initial and ongoing trust in IT outsourcing: A bilateral perspective.Information Management,48(2), pp.96-105. Gewald, H. and Dibbern, J., 2009. Risks and benefits of business process outsourcing: A study of transaction services in the German banking industry.Information Management,46(4), pp.249-257. Lin, C., Pervan, G. and McDermid, D., 2007. Issues and recommendations in evaluating and managing the benefits of public sector IS/IT outsourcing.Information Technology People,20(2), pp.161-183. Kremic, T., Icmeli Tukel, O. and Rom, W.O., 2006. Outsourcing decision support: a survey of benefits, risks, and decision factors.Supply Chain Management: an international journal,11(6), pp.467-482. Belcourt, M., 2006. OutsourcingThe benefits and the risks.Human resource management review,16(2), pp.269-279. Harland, C., Knight, L., Lamming, R. and Walker, H., 2005. Outsourcing: assessing the risks and benefits for organisations, sectors and nations.International Journal of Operations Production Management,25(9), pp.831-850. Mani, D., Barua, A. and Whinston, A., 2010. An empirical analysis of the impact of information capabilities design on business process outsourcing performance.Mis Quarterly, pp.39-62.

Angels and Demons Review Essay Example

Angels and Demons Review Paper Essay on Angels and Demons I fully agree with NATA (he wanted to write, but to get to this commentary) =) Still want to add the author of the review, that Angels and Demons can not be regarded as a Brownian style, though, because that angels and demons are the first product Brown (at least as we know), and, in fact, on it he probed the ground for subsequent books (that we have the majority of the book is published and read them after the film adaptation a problem the reader-viewer) so that reading books in the right order, I can say that just code more boring, in my opinion =), and ymuchenny (well, again, in comparison). Perhaps because the story is not original. This I mean that you can come and at the other end it all depends on the sequence. =) And here, for example, Deception Point has a fresh feel .. probably due to a complete change of scenery, characters the dynamism and mystery left)) We will write a custom essay sample on Angels and Demons Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Angels and Demons Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Angels and Demons Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Yes and dynamism conveyed by the words harder than with the help of pictures. Few are so energetic of the book)) .. In general the book for fans of action games))) Yes, and on the accuracy, I would not overlap. Potter reading people do not beat your head against the wall, trying to find the platform for the train to Hogwarts. This is purely a work of art, does not claim to authenticity. What the author has repeatedly said. And whether or not to score himself unnecessary head knowledge, flipping through handbooks and encyclopedias, if you are not interested in this? it would be like after the Marvel comic book movies or dive headlong into the study of genetic engineering, only in order to understand how the spider man became takovyym and everything will be clear that it is not so)) Sherlock Holmes said in his life: you see, it seems to me that the human brain is like a little empty attic, which you can arrange as you want. Fool nataschili to any junk, which comes handy and useful, the right things will have no place to stick, or at best to them amid all the blockage and get to the bottom. No offense;))) just have a friend, a walking compendiu m of facts, dates and names so he unimaginable mess in my head)))) Angels and Demons Review Essay Example Angels and Demons Review Paper Essay on Angels and Demons After reading this book, I probably like most began to delve into the historical sources, checking the validity of Dan Browns claims. But soon he stopped when he realized that, yes, mostly historical truth is respected. But my friends! In all of this, let us not consider this work as some theory of something. Its not like that at all. This is a brilliant detective, what I can not say about the rest of his works. No, no, I do not say that they are terrible, just Digital Fortress and the DaVinci Code is much easier and more interesting we are discussing the book. I davilos read the book, half a year after my trip to Rome. Its fine! I myself have imagined all the action as he crawled there all with the camera. But still my friends. This is a good detective story in which both raised some problems. But this is done too unprovable and probably a bit naive. As for the idea of ​​the author. He provides us with two opposing sides (for most of the book). Mysterious Order and the Catholic Church. Here lies the books title. The author also gives us in its name two more indisputable opposite, namely: Angels and Demons. Thus, asking us not replying to the end of your question. Who Angels and Demons who? The Roman church or an ancient order? We will write a custom essay sample on Angels and Demons Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Angels and Demons Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Angels and Demons Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And so, I would advise you to read it. Not a bad little book, no gold modern literature course, as many believe, but a good detektivchik. With an interesting plot and unpredictable. I give an opinion Normally, because nothing in the works of genius I have not found. Yet it is close to 3 quartet. And in no case do not watch movies! It turned out a lot worse! Much cut that is in the book, and a lot of rewriting. Angels and Demons Review Essay Example Angels and Demons Review Paper Essay on Angels and Demons I do not think Dan Brown living classic of world literature, but vse-taki to me his novels it is not easy Pulp Fiction under the subway car knock as approximately expressed well-known and not-so person. Absolutely do not even have. Yes, Brown is now trendy writer and he suddenly appeared at the turn of the millennium. I first learned about him and read his books only after watching the film adaptation of The Da Vinci Code. Then I find and read all of it came out at the time of the book. Dan Brown is a kind of Umberto Eco for the poor, perfectly learned the most important rule of literary marketing: if you want to be read all, write about someone they know everything. He raises the bar to a maximum height, its ambitions high. In Angels Demons a Pope (in the Da Vinci Code is even higher in the Digital Fortress National Security Agency). I, as a person who is interested in art especially the Italian, the Renaissance, the book draws its fascinating history of the monuments of art , which is so rich in Rome and the Vatican. Also those who like intellectual games, computer adventure games, certainly not remain indifferent. And well on bricks laid out storyline (about the book Brown no one accused of plagiarism, in contrast to the situation with The Da Vinci Code) is special, Browns narrative style does not let go until the last page. Brown skillfully weaves into the storyline historical facts, events that took place many centuries ago and modern. In this he is not afraid to say the word -. Master The intrigue is developing at a breakneck pace Professor Langdon until midnight must find out who killed a brilliant scientist physics, save the four cardinals, each of which may be the new Pope, and to prevent monstrous force explosion at the Vatican. Well laid out and every detail is drawn character Chamberlain the main villain. In the book it is mixed a little of everything: the historical facts, scientific data, information about architecture and art, all seasoned with a certain amount of fiction, the authors imagination. Yes, experts will find the chamberlain mistakes it is always a cardinal, and the pope can be elected not only the cardinal, but any Catholic. But Angels and Demons a sort of Mighty intelligent thriller that promotes familiarizing readers to knowledge, the multiplication of knowledge about art, architecture, sculpture, history, modern science. This is not a documentary-historical work, of which I read a sufficient amount that, I mostly there hardly ever rere ad. And Brown sure, he deserves it ! We will write a custom essay sample on Angels and Demons Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Angels and Demons Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Angels and Demons Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Karate Essays - Shrin-ry, Tatsuo Shimabuku, Isshin-ry, Free Essays

Karate Essays - Shrin-ry, Tatsuo Shimabuku, Isshin-ry, Free Essays Karate Outline Thesis Statement: Isshinryu may be the youngest karate to come from Okinawa, but it is as rich with spirit as the earlier forms. I. Background on Isshinryu founder. A. Birth date and location. B. Teachers and influence C. Creation II. Description of Emblem and patch. A. Origin B. Explanation and meaning C. Symbolism III. Kata A. Brief overview B. History C. Explanation D. Benefits IV. Ranking sytem A. Kyu ranks B. Dan ranks C. Promotion requirements Isshinryu Karate was developed and introduced in 1954 by Tatsuo Shimabuku on the island of Okinawa. His karate was the offspring of two different systems, Goju-Ryu and Shorin-Ryu. Goju-Ryu being the ?Hard? method, and Shorin-Ryu being the ?Soft? method. He introduced katas from other forms into his own form, and developed features unique to his newly created style. The ranking system, also unique to his style, was made up of 7 kyu ranks and 10 degrees of black belts. A vision Shimabuku had in a dream also played a major role in the development of his style. The vision that helped him ?mold? his karate into one form is represented on a patch presently worn on the gi?s of his followers and their students. Isshinryu may be the youngest karate to come from Okinawa, but it is as rich with spirit as the earlier forms. Shinkichi Shimabuku, founder of Isshinryu, was born on the island of Okinawa on September 19, 1908 (Armstrong 7). Upon reaching the age of six, Shimabuku would travel on foot, six miles down an old farm road to reach his uncle?s house. His uncle, Chioyu, a Shorin-ryu Master, was reluctant to teach young Shimibuku. Instead, Chioyu made him perform menial chores around the dojo. After two years of chores and six mile walks, Shimabuku developed the patients and physical condition to begin karate training. His uncle taught Shimabuku his system and started him off on his martial career. During his years of adolescence Shimabuku changes his name from Shinkichi to Tatsuo meaning ?Dragon Boy?. It was common during the 1920?s for a young boy to change his name during his adolescence years. With the motivation from his uncle, Shimabuku sought out the famous Chotoku Kyan, another Shorin-ryu master. After developing an excellent kicking ability, his next sensei was Chojin Miyagi! , known for his vigorous training habits. Miyagi teaches Shimabuku Naha-te, known today as the Goju-ryu style. His fourth teacher was a man by the name of Motobu, a famous brawler in Okinawa. Motobu furthers Shimabuku?s in Shorin-ryu and grants him the title of Master (8). Lastly, Yabiku Moden, helps polish Shimabuku?s training by teaching him the art of the Bo, Sai, and Tee-fa (9). With the teachings of some of Okinawa?s legendary teachers, Tatsuo Shimabuku sets of to begin a life in the martial arts. Late one evening at his home in Chun Village, Shimabuku was awakened by his dream of the ?Mizu-gami?, the sea goddess. With this symbol, Tatsuo realizes the unification of his training that the Mizu-gami represents. It was on that evening that Isshinryu was born (Armstrong 27). Later, his vision was produced on a patch worn by all students of Isshinryu Karate. The emblem of Isshinryu karate symbolizes the Mizu-gami. Its oval shape was originally designed to represent the unique vertical fist in Isshinryu karate. The symbol depicts a woman whose lower half appears to take the form of a sea dragon. Her left hand is held open in the universal sign of peace while her right hand forms an Isshinryu fist. In Oriental mythology, the dragon in the sky is a sign of good luck while the gray background and churning seas is a sign of unknown dangers. Three stars are located at the top of the emblem representing three virtues. These virtues consist of mind, body, and spirit whic! h all must be developed to reach total harmony (Tyurin). With this vision and sensei?s knowledge of the martial arts, he sets off to create the Isshinryu system. What would a martial arts system be without Kata? According to the Martial Arts Dictionary, by Louis Frederic, the word ?kata? is defined as Form?, ?Sequence, but there is much more to kata than form and sequence (104). To

Pike and pedestrian Small Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pike and pedestrian Small - Research Paper Example In 2010, the number of pedestrian deaths was 12 per cent higher than in the previous year. The number of pedestrians injured in road accidents also rose by more than 5 percent in 2010 (Deka and Quddus 109). However, these increases are generally set against a downward trend of pedestrian fatalities and casualties since 1970. This paper will analyse the visual and physical limitations of pedestrians. People mandated with the design of public roads have to comprehend the needs of all road users, especially those with visual and physical limitations. In this research, pedestrians are primarily defined as people who employ assistive devices, like wheelchairs to travel or people travelling on foot. Many people have conditions that inhibit their ability to use trails, roads and public sidewalks. Many pedestrians with a disability have more than one a single type of limitation. As such, a pedestrian using a wheelchair might also be visually impaired. Globally, facilities designed for people with physical limitations are user friendly and safer for all people on foot. Some road designs might benefit a certain group of pedestrians and inhibit another group. For example, the installation of ramps for wheelchair users will make walking a little bit harder for many crutch and cane users who find it easy to using short steps. Engineers have designed both steps and ramps in order to accommodate all users with physical limitations. When designing facilities to be used by pedestrians, all potential users’ capabilities and needs should be considered. For example, it is estimated that by the year 2020, 17 percent of the United States population will be above the age of 65 (Bollard and Fleming 143). People over the age of 75 years have physical limitations. As such, their mobility is limited. The aging process causes a general deterioration of sensory, cognitive and physical

Sam 489 assignment 7 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sam 489 7 - Assignment Example A discussion on the temporary service changes or modifications that might be necessary after disaster recovery is also important. Disaster is unpredictable. Even the most prepared businesses or organizations are prone to the adverse effects of disasters. In case of disasters, various agencies aid small businesses in disaster recovery. Such agencies include U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA), Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Farm Services Agency (FSA), Small Business Development Centers (SBDC), and other state agencies (Haddow, Bullock, & Coppola, 2011). The Federal Emergency Management Agency aids small businesses in disaster recovery through the provision of food, rescue services, water, housing, electrical power, and other basic resources (Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2015). Indeed, FEMA provides temporary housing for small businesses like the gymnasium for a limited period. The agency also offers financial support to repair the damages caused by the disaster on small businesses not covered by the insurance (Wells Fargo Bank, 2013). FEMA also replaces destroyed buildings if such buil dings were not under any insurance cover (Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2015). The agency can also provide direct assistance to support a permanent or semi-permanent construction of businesses affected by disasters (Wells Fargo Bank, 2013). Ultimately, the agency offers financial support for other expenses and severe basic or business needs emanating from the disaster. Other services covered by FEMA include crisis counseling, disaster unemployment assistance, legal services, and special tax considerations for affected small businesses (Haddow, Bullock, & Coppola, 2011). The Small Business Development Centers (SBDC) also aid small businesses in disaster recovery. Indeed, SBDC offers confidential assistance to affected businesses after a disaster (Haddow, Bullock, & Coppola, 2011). The U.S. Small Business Administration funds Small Business

Communication & Cultural Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Communication & Cultural Studies - Essay Example The Mexican people identify with their culture and every work that seems to acknowledge this fact is appreciated by everyone in the country. Diego Rivera had this in mind when doing his painting because it captures the attention citizens in respect to the cultural aspect. This paper under the guidance of Stuart Hall focuses on the cultural identity of the Mexican people and their nationalism as is reflected in Zapatista’s landscape painting. The paper also analyses the effects and operations of other aspects such as racism, and sexuality. The researcher also seeks to understand why the Mexican people appreciate their culture using works in reference to different cultural theories. Diego Rivera’s Zapatista’s Landscape panting symbolically translates the cultural identity of the Mexican people in form of a visual image. Diego uses images as a representational system that embarks on using sings and symbols to bring out meaning of what is happening during the post-revolutionary period in Mexico, the best way for people to understand and reflect. As we shall later see, these symbols give the Mexican people a sense of identity. The representations manifested by the painting are cultural products which are created within the contemporary Mexican society during the post-revolutionary period. The painting contains background information that helps provide insight about the complexity of the situation in Mexico. This instills the Mexican people of the need to uphold their nationalism and remain united to face the challenges the strike them. This painting serves to create awareness among the Mexican people and also enhance curiosity concerning the themes that the artist wants to communicate with his fellow countrymen. Diego Rivera clearly communicated his message to the people through his art works and creates the desire

What Ways Does An Individuals Behaviour Change?

What Ways Does An Individuals Behaviour Change? This essay will explore whether an individuals behaviour truly changes when they are part of a group through the consideration of various perspectives, methods and underpinning epistemological assumptions and will take the viewpoint that an individuals behaviour does change when s/he is part of a group, however it is necessary to consider the context, such as societal and cultural factors and the importance of experience, interactions, social norms and values as one branch of social psychology, or one form of experimentation cannot fully predict or explain group and individual behaviour. The most prominent debates, theories and studies in relation to group behaviour will be discussed from a multi-perspective position, mainly exploring the social and cognitive aspects of group behaviour, as well as the methodology of experimentation and how group behaviour is measured. This will ensure that a reductionist approach to the subject is avoided. Key factors involved in group behaviour incl ude; obedience, conformity, groupthink, social identity theory (Tajfel, 1979), prejudice, stereotypes and schemas, which will be discussed and evaluated alongside relevant research throughout the essay. This is due to how these factors influence how an individuals behaviour changes under group influence, for example how Aschs line test portrayed the effects of majority influence (Asch, 1952). A group has been defined by some theorists as two or more individuals who perceive themselves as being members of the group or social category (Turner, 1982; Brown, 2000). Group behaviour refers to a situation in which individuals interact in small or large groups, within these groups there may be certain norms, values which are internalised within the individual (Vygotsky, 1978), communication patterns and status differentials. The majority of research conducted in the area of group behaviour is mainly based in the experimental psychology perspective; however critical and qualitative psychologists argue there is a lesser focus on the study of behaviour in context which ideally involves the acknowledgment of the impact of society and culture on group behaviour (Bronfenbrenner, 1979; Fox Prilleltensky, 1997; Gergen, 1973; Himmelweit Gaskell, 1990; Renshon Duckitt, 2000), social roles, environments, experiences, relationships, and a movement away from laboratory based measurements. Within mainstream psychology there is still a focus on the cognitive and affective aspects of behaviour, whilst individual level processes which are fundamental in social and group processes are not always acknowledged. According to Nafstad Blakar (Nafstad Blakar, 2012); A full-fledged social psychology cannot be based on experimental laboratory research alone. This is because it is necessary to concentrate on methodological approaches for future research as much of the quantitative experimental psychology involved in addressing and measuring group behaviour does not acknowledge core social aspects such as social life, social behaviour and human development as social beings. One key area within group behaviour is obedience. The study of obedience entails the tendency to comply with orders from an authority figure and where group behaviour is concerned obedience entails an individual adapting their actions in order to comply with the groups wishes or rules. Concerned with the atrocities committed during Nazi Germany, Milgram explored the effects of obedience under the influence of authority (Milgram, 1974). Participants, who witnessed the confederate being strapped into a chair with electrodes in another room, were given the role of teacher whilst a confederate of the experimenter was given the role of learner; The teacher was expected to administer an electric shock for every wrong answer in what they were lead to believe was an experiment about learning, the shocks increased at 15 volt increments and when the participant refused to administer the shocks, they were given standard instructions (prods) by the experimenter, who wore a lab coat, therefore ac ting as an authority figure within the group. 65% of participants administered the full 450 volts, suggesting that obedience is related to situational pressures. In order to attempt to explain why individuals would behave in the way they did during the experiment, Milgram proposed the agency theory. The agency theory according to Milgram consists of two states; the autonomous state, in which individuals make decisions on their own ideas and beliefs, and the agentic state, in which in which individuals give up responsibility and defer the responsibility to those of a higher status. Although the agency theory does attempt to explain rare occurrences such as the obedience in events such as the Mai Lai Massacre and Nazi Germany, there may be other explanations for the obedience, as suggested by French and Raven (French Raven, 1959) who suggested there are five different types of power; legitimate power, reward power, coercive power, expert power and referent power. It is also important to note that the agency theory is more of a description of how society works, rather than explaining why individuals obey authority figures against their better j udgement in some situations. The theory of groupthink could also be applied in order to explain the phenomological behaviour in Milgrams study, as groupthink entails group decisions which are often irresponsible, dangerous, made under extreme pressure and dominated by a powerful leader, therefore Milgrams theory alone by not be sufficient in exploring individual and group behaviour. There are several ethical issues within Milgrams study such as the lack of debriefing, the distress caused to the participants and deception about the nature of the study. Also, despite Milgram carrying out several variations of his original experiment, the experiment has methodological flaws. Due to the laboratory setting of the experiment there was a distinct lack of ecological validity as the obedience portrayed in compliance with an authority figure does not necessarily represent and cannot be generalised to real life social interactions. It has been suggested that Milgrams experiment became caught up in the broader processes of psychologisation (De Vos, 2009). This is due to the power of science and the authority of experimentation which is suggested in the study, specifically where the experimenter acts as an authority figure within the peer-group, urging participants to continue with the experiment. Also, it has been argued that the experiment dramatizes peoples capacity for violence (Brannigan, 2004) and only demonstrates a short-term measure of obedience (Stainton Rogers et al, 1995). Taking these points into consideration, the need for a multi-perspective view of group behaviour can be reiterated as a concentration on laboratory experiments alone does not fully account as an explanation of group behaviour and obedience, this is further evidenced by the suggestion that Milgram does not make a concise conclusion concerning the study. We are led to no conclusions about obedience, really, but rather are exhorted [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] to be impressed with the power of your situation as an influence context (Parker, 2000). Further replications of Milgrams original study were conducted in order to address some of the issues which were presented within the experiment, such as ethical issues (Burger 2009) and methodological flaws (Meeus and Raaijmakers, 1995), therefore taking a further qualitative stance on the original study. A solely experimental approach to the study of obedience within individual and group behaviour may not necessarily be useful, although the phenomenon of obedience is portrayed in Milgrams experiment, no true conclusion or explanation is drawn due to a lack of acknowledgement of social, political and cultural factors, and a reliance on quantitative and experimental social psychology. Another area of study within individual and group behaviour is conformity. Conformity is the influence on an individual which may alter their beliefs or behaviour in response to the pressure of a group in order to internalise or fit in with a group. According to Man (Man, 1969) there are three types of conformity; these are normative, which is a desire to be liked by the group, informational, which is a desire to be correct and identification which is conformity to a social role. Aschs well known line study explores normative conformity due to the participants attempts to avoid rejection from the group and informational conformity due to the participants desire to be correct. Asch suggests that an individual will attempt to internalise with a group and display the effects of majority influence (Asch, 1952). The experiment consisted of a participant who was given a selection of lines and was asked to judge which was most similar to a comparison line in the presence of others, who were actually confederates of the experimenter who were instructed to purposely give incorrect answers. 5% of participants conformed to all of the trials, 33% conformed to over half of the trials and 25% did not conform at all. Several variations of the original experiment were conducted; when one confederate was present none of the participants conformed, however when more than three confederates were present strong conformity occurred. This suggests the effects of majority influence and pressure on the individual to act in a manner in accordance to a group, the desire to be liked and avoidance of rejection from the group. Aschs line study distinctly lacked ecological validity due to its artificial laboratory setting, which suggests that the experiment had low ecological validity and may be difficult to generalise to a real-life situation. A replication of Aschs original experiment in which the participants were British engineering, mathematics and chemistry students suggested low reliability within the original study, out of the 396 trials, a participant conformed with the incorrect majority on only one trial.. Aschs experiment has been referred to as a child of its time, due to the social, political and historical context in which Aschs experiment was conducted, as conformity was a social norm during Post-World War Two era, whilst the notion of individualism was rejected (Perrin and Spencer, 1980). The lack of reliability in the study may be due to a change in what is socially acceptable rather than a methodological flaw, and therefore it is of importance to acknowledge social norms and values whilst studying group behaviour as well as the notion that group behaviour cannot be based within experimental psychology alone (Nafstad and Blakar, 2012). One prominent theory which may be applied to real life examples of group behaviour is Social Identity Theory (Tajfel, 1979). Social Identity Theory details how membership to a group gives an individual a sense of social identity, these groups are important in enhancing an individuals self-esteem and pride, therefore individuals may attempt to increase the status of their own group, or simply discriminate against an out-group through social categorisation. Discrimination against an out-group occurs through prejudice and stereotypes which occurs through three cognitive processes; social categorisation, which is the decision about which group you belong to, social identification, which is more overt identification with the in-group, and social comparison which is comparison to the out-group which is believed to be inferior, this in turn increases the self-esteem of the in-group (Tajfel Turner, 1979). Although it can be argued that Social Identity Theory can provide a concise and full e xplanation for the formation if in-groups and out-groups, it does not clearly define how the process occurs and also is not a predictor of behaviour (Hogg, 2000). Therefore, although Social Identity Theory can explain some aspects of group behaviour, it may not be applicable to real world phenomenon as it cannot provide full explanation for real-life group behaviour such as acts of terrorism. In real-world research, such as a psychological approach to terrorism, it has been suggested that it is necessary not to allow cognitive biases to cloud the analysis of political situations (Abrahms, 2006; Scheier, 2007). Therefore, experimental psychology alone may not be useful in analysing and explaining real-life situations. However, Zimbardo (Zimbardo, 2002) argues that terrorism is all about psychology as it is key to understanding the motives, values and ideology of terrorists; therefore it is clear there is debate as to how real-life examples of group behaviour should be studied. Although many of the most prominent studies in the area of group and individual behaviour are based within experimental psychology, there is a tendency for discursive, critical and qualitative psychologists to argue that there is a need for the exploration of social norms, values and experiences, rather than the notion held by experimental psychology which simply acknowledges that these factors have an affect. When considering the experiments and debates which are discussed within the study of group behaviour, in order for future research to attempt to provide a more concise explanations of group behaviour it may be appropriate to concentrate on people on an individual level within context as well as their actions in a group situation, for example acknowledging their experiences, relationships, values and social roles in order to draw conclusions as to why individuals act in accordance to a group instead of simply displaying extreme phenomena such as in the cases of Milgram and Zimba rdo. It has been suggested that current mainstream social psychology is primarily characterised by the study of the interactions between the individual and groups through experimental study and as a result of this, context such as social and cultural levels have not been represented to their true extent (Doise, 1982/1986). References Abrahms, M. Why Terrorism Does Not Work, International Security, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp.42-78. Asch, S. E. Social psychology. New York: PrenticeHall, 1952 Brannigan, A. (2004) The Rise and Fall of Social Psychology: The Use and Misuse of the Experimental Method. New Jersey: Aldine Transaction. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Brown, R. (2000) Group Processes: Dynamics within and between groups (2nd ed.), Oxford, Blackwell. Burger, J. (2009). Replicating Milgram: Would people still obey today? American Psychologist, 64, 1-11. De Vos, J. (2009) Now that you know, how do you feel: The Milgram experiment and psychologisation. Annual Review of Critical Psychology, 7, 223-246. Accessed at: http://www.discourseunit.com/arcp/7.htm on 24th November 2010. Doise, W. (1982/1986). Lexplication en psychologie sociale/Levels of explanation in social psychology. Paris: Editions de la Maison des Sciences de lHomme. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fox, D., Prilleltensky, I. (Eds.). (1997). Critical Psychology. An Introduction. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. French, J. R. P., Raven, B. The bases of social power. In D. Cartwright, A. Zander. Group dynamics. New York: Harper Row, 1959. Gergen, K. J. (1973). Social psychology as history. Journal of personality and social psychology, 26, 309-320. Himmelweit, H. T., Gaskell, G. (Eds.). (1990). Societal Psychology. London: Sage Publications. Hogg, Michael A.; Williams, Kipling D. (2000). From I to we: Social identity and the collective self. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice 4 (1): 81-97 Man, L (1969). Social Psychology. New York: Wiley Meeus, W.H.J., Raaijmakers, Q.A.W. (1995). Obedience in modern society: The Utrecht studies. Journal of Social Issues, 51 (3), 155-175. Milgram, S. (1974). Obedience to authority: An experimental view. New York: Harper Row Parker*, I. (2000). Obedience. Granta, 71(4): 99-125. Perrin, S. Spencer, C. (1980) The Asch effect: a child of its time? Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 32, 405-406. Nafstad, H. E. Blakar, R. M. (2012). Ideology and Social Psychology. Social and Personality Psychology Compass. 6 (4), 282-294. Renshon, S. A., Duckitt, J. (2000). Political psychology. Cultural and crosscultural foundations. London: MacMillan Press Scheier, B. (2007) The Evolutionary Brain Glitch that Makes Terrorism Fail, WIRED. Accessed at: http://www.wired.com/politics/security/commentary/securitymatters/2007/07/securitymatters_0712 on 25th October 2007. Stainton Rogers, R., Stenner, P., Gleeson, K. Stainton Rogers, W. (1995). Social Psychology: A Critical Agenda. Polity: Cambridge Tajfel, H., Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-47). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Col Turner, J. C. (1982). Toward a cognitive redefinition of the social group. In H. Tajfel (Ed.), Social identity and intergroup behavior (pp. 15-40). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Zimbardo, P.G. (2002) Psychology to Play Key Role in National Centre on Terrorism. Monitor on Psychology, 33 (11), December 2002. Accessed at: on 23 January 2006.

Television Violence :: essays research papers

Violence and Television In today’s society, television violence is shaping the way our children behave, making them prone to violence and abuse as they get older. Living in a world where the majority of our entertainment is television, it is very likely that we would become more immune to the physical and damaging acts of damaging force committed. Violence is all over our media but mostly on the TV. Parents should monitor what their children are watching closely, so that their behavior does not become more destructive at; even at the age of 5. History shows that some of the first violent acts were noticed in the 1950’s. They say that even back then a lot of television was filled with destructive acts. From talking to my grandparents television was not as much of a necessity as we believe it to be today. Being the society that has to be entertained around the clock, we just do not think about what is going into our children’s heads. It seems to affect children more, because their behavior patterns are still developing, and are very vulnerable, and we don’t want them to develop into what they see on TV. Children who watch television a lot of the time become less aware to the pain and suffering of other people around them. If they are always in front of the tube, and just sit there, and soak in all of that bad stuff they are seeing, they become not as aware as they should be. When terrible acts of violence happen in the children’s life that do watch a lot of TV, they are not as aroused by the acts going on in front of them. It is not as disturbing as it would be for a child who does not watch a lot of violent television. A study was shown that a child who had watched a violent television show such as The Power Rangers, rather than a nonviolent show like My Little Pony, were slower getting involved when they saw a younger child getting beat up or playing destructively. Instead of children taking action, or getting involved if they are old enough, they are more fearful of the things going on around them. If a child watches a lot of violence, when a violent or destructive situation came up they might be afraid to take action. They could be fearful that they would get hurt. Television Violence :: essays research papers Violence and Television In today’s society, television violence is shaping the way our children behave, making them prone to violence and abuse as they get older. Living in a world where the majority of our entertainment is television, it is very likely that we would become more immune to the physical and damaging acts of damaging force committed. Violence is all over our media but mostly on the TV. Parents should monitor what their children are watching closely, so that their behavior does not become more destructive at; even at the age of 5. History shows that some of the first violent acts were noticed in the 1950’s. They say that even back then a lot of television was filled with destructive acts. From talking to my grandparents television was not as much of a necessity as we believe it to be today. Being the society that has to be entertained around the clock, we just do not think about what is going into our children’s heads. It seems to affect children more, because their behavior patterns are still developing, and are very vulnerable, and we don’t want them to develop into what they see on TV. Children who watch television a lot of the time become less aware to the pain and suffering of other people around them. If they are always in front of the tube, and just sit there, and soak in all of that bad stuff they are seeing, they become not as aware as they should be. When terrible acts of violence happen in the children’s life that do watch a lot of TV, they are not as aroused by the acts going on in front of them. It is not as disturbing as it would be for a child who does not watch a lot of violent television. A study was shown that a child who had watched a violent television show such as The Power Rangers, rather than a nonviolent show like My Little Pony, were slower getting involved when they saw a younger child getting beat up or playing destructively. Instead of children taking action, or getting involved if they are old enough, they are more fearful of the things going on around them. If a child watches a lot of violence, when a violent or destructive situation came up they might be afraid to take action. They could be fearful that they would get hurt.

Jeannette Winterson Weight

In Jeanette Winterson’s novel Weight, the author demonstrates how myths have modern personal relevancies and can encourage each reader to investigate the three main subject matters in their lives; boundaries, freedom, and guilt. The numerous references to walls throughout the novel signify the boundaries, which make Atlas strive for freedom. Winterson’s Weight, is a modern rewrite on an old myth of Atlas and Heracles, and the challenges they endure can be interpreted by individual readers for personal relevancies.Atlas, a father of daughters, is faced with the burden of carrying the world on his shoulders. This can represent a feeling as if one is carrying a world of stress and guilt on one’s shoulders and conscience. Heracles, the stronger of the two, takes the weight of the world from Atlas momentarily and struggles to carry the burden when he sends Atlas to pick three golden apples from the Garden of Hesperides. For example, boundaries are represented by walls throughout Winterson’s novel, not just the physical structures but also any other representation of a boundary.Winterson conceives the body itself as a boundary, in the sense that the skin stands between a human and everything else and although Atlas feels trapped in his own body, he escapes into his own mind to ponder the philosophies of boundaries and the universe. Winterson writes, â€Å"At last I began to hear something, I found that where the world was close to my ears, I could hear everything. I could hear conversation, parrots squawking, donkeys braying. I heard the rushing of underground rivers and the crackles of fires lighted.Each sound became a meaning and soon I began to de-code the world. †¦ As the dinosaurs crawl through my hair and volcanic eruptions pock my face, I find I am become a part of what I must bear. There is no longer Atlas and the world; there is only the World Atlas. Travel me and I am continents. I am the journey you must make. † (p. 24). This can represent feeling stuck within self, feeling trapped and almost tortured to find freedom. Although boundaries are a very strong representation within the novel, there is a connection between the walls and the freedom of nothingness.Atlas constantly is escaping into the limitless of his imagination, where he is not punished for wanting the forbidden. The Gods hoped that by punishing Atlas to be trapped in his body under the weight of the world that they would contain his mind, and they were mistaken. This can be interpreted as the strength and perseverance from within an individual. The wall that Atlas builds around the Garden of Hesperides is constructed in such a way that it explains freedom and nothingness that can sometimes be unappreciated.Winterson writes, â€Å"I built a walled garden, a temenos, a sacred space. I lifted the huge stones with my own hands and piled them carefully, as a goatherd would, leaving tiny gaps to let the wind through. A solid wall is eas ily collapsed. My mother stirring in her sleep could do as much. A wall well built with invisible spaces will allow the winds that rage against it to pass through. When the earth underneath it trembles, the spaces make room for movement and settlement. The wall stands. The wall’s strength is not in the stones but in the spaces between the stones.It’s a joke against me I think, that for all my strength and labour, the wall relies on nothing . Write it more substantially – NOTHING. † (p. 16). On the contrary, carrying the world doesn’t only make one feel trapped, it also feels as if one is carrying stress and guilt on their conscience, which feels as heavy as the world on one’s shoulders. Heracles is a representation of this when he sends Atlas to pick the golden apples from the Garden of Hesperides, and takes the weight of the world while Atlas travels.Heracles suffers while holding up the world. She writes â€Å"Meanwhile, Heracles was not h appy. The world was much heavier than he had guessed. His strength lay in action not in endurance. He liked a short sharp fight, a good dinner and sleep. His body was as strong as Atlas’s, but his nature was not. Hera was right about him there. Heracles’s strength was a cover for his weakness. † (p. 58). While Heracles is holding up the weight of the world, he begins to think of murdering his own children, and all the brutal sexual abuse he has committed on women.This is a very strong moment for readers. When one uses their strength to such exhaustion, physically and emotionally, they tend to think about the wrong doings, and stress within their life and can no longer cope. Winterson shows this by writing, â€Å"Heracles was more afraid now than he had been in his whole life. He could accept any challenge except the challenge of no challenge. He knew himself through combat. He defined himself by opposition. When he fought, he could feel his muscles work, and the blood pumping through his body.Now he felt nothing but the weight of the world Atlas was right, it was too heavy for him. He couldn’t bear it. He couldn’t bear this slowing turning solitude. † (p. 71). In conclusion, humans need both freedom and boundaries. One may think they want freedom and despise boundaries, but to have no limitations and have complete freedom can actually be a burden itself. Humans need the weight of boundaries to keep from drifting away from reality. For Jeanette Winterson, weight can be equated with retelling a myth.The â€Å"I want to tell the story again† theme applies as Winterson writes about how you can tell a story numerous times, but need to stay within the boundaries of the original. For others, this novel may open up a new way of thinking, and coping with personal challenges one can face in modern day. Jeanette Winterson’s Weight is an authentic retelling of a classic myth, including the use of science facts and per sonal relevancies. Between the limitations, liberty, and culpability that the two main characters face, each reader can interpret each section inversely. Reference Winterson, J. (2006). Weight (2005). Toronto: Vintage Canada.

Macintosh vs. IBM essays

Macintosh vs. IBM essays The IBM and Macintosh computers have been in competition with each other for years, and each of them have their strong points. They both had their own ideas about where they should go in the personal computer market. They also had many developments, which propelled themselves over the other. It all started when Thomas John Watson became president of Computing Tabulating Recording in 1914, and in 1924 he renamed it to International Business Machines Corporation. He eventually widened the company lines to include electronic computers, which was extremely new in those days. In 1975 IBM introduced their first personal computer (PC) which was called the Model 5100. It carried a price tag of about $9,000 which caused it to be out of the main stream of personal computers, even though their first computer did not get off to as big as a start they had hoped it did not stop them from continuing on. Later on IBM teamed up with Microsoft to create an operating system to run their new computers, because their software division was not able to meet a deadline. They also teamed up with Intel to supply its chips for the first IBM personal computer. When the personal computer hit the market it was a major hit and IBM became a strong power in electronic computers. Phoenix Technologies went through published documentation to figure out the internal operating system (BIOS) in the IBM. In turn, they designed a BIOS of their own which could be used with IBM computers. It stood up in courts and now with a non IBM BIOS, the clone was created. Many manufacturers jumped in and started making their own IBM Compatible computers, and IBM eventually lost a big share in the desktop While IBM was just getting started in the personal computer market, Apple was also just getting on its feet. It was founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak in 1976. They were both college drop outs, Steve Jobs out of Reed Col...

Research Essay Outline a Strong Argument for Success

Research Essay Outline a Strong Argument for Success You may not be required to write an outline as a part of your argumentative essay, but you still should do it. Even if it seems to you a waste of time, don’t skip outline before writing an argumentative essay. Why does it matter? Students used to think of an outline as of mandatory part of the paper. However, it’s more than a sketch of your work. But rather writing technique that will help you arrange ideas and logically distribute them in an argumentative essay.   Here are some outlines basics that will help you understand how the one should be written. Or in case you order argumentative essays you can ask a writer for hire to follow these outline writing guidelines. Best Tips on How to Write an Argument Essay Outline If you want to write your best essay paper, no matter what type it would be, you should know how to deal with some typical essay outline. Here you have few important steps you must follow while creating your argumentative essay outline. Start writing outline even when conducting arguments research The easiest way to write an effective outline that will serve you a reliable guide through the whole argumentative essay writing process is to start composing it when doing research. Sort out all the findings you obtain by their importance and topic relevance. Write them briefly down as long as you proceed with research. Stick multi-level structure Normally, an outline looks like an extended plan, arranged in sections. Each section stands for the name of the chapter. All-in-all there are as many sections as there are chapters in an argumentative essay. However, you can make your outline even more detailed by expanding sections with subsections. This way you can arrange your ideas or research results more precisely. Steps to Prepare Your Outline Step 1 The main and very first thing is that you should choose a topic to write your essay outline. This will be your main focus. You should focus and kept your thoughts gathered. There is a chance to use some broad topic. You can be not trying to fit it into your specific thesis statement. Just don’t try to narrow it down. Don’t talk about France during World War II, for example. Instead, you should look at WWII in general. Besides that, you can also create an argument paper outline for some bigger piece. It can be a novel or a story. But, still, you need always to focus on your topic.   Step 2 There is a task to determine the main goal and purpose of your argument paper. It will give you the right topic direction and will help you to get some logical structure in your argument paper. You should write down your thesis statement if you are writing some kind of a formal essay. It will help you to fulfill the statement and purpose. Besides that, you can compare two different things. You should analyze two chunks of information using connections and critical thinking. It is not only summarizing the process, you should also do some research. Also, you can get a smooth cause and effect presentation. Your task is to show that something happened and identify its causes. Try to analyze every concept and terms you are giving in your argument paper. There must be at least one part of an argument, but, for the better effect, you should also provide some counter-argument. Don’t forget to get some evidence and examples to do your conclusion. It is a must for you to provide backups for your conclusions, statements, and facts. The article type does not matter. Step 3 At this point, you should start to gather all materials you may use for supporting your argument. What might it be? Your best-supporting subjects are different information, like images, quotes, theories, statistics, points and your personal experience. All these things should reflect your opinion and be related to what you are writing in your essay.  Ã‚   You need to identify and then disable all spaces (real and potential) in your outline to prevent any troubles with your paper writing in the future. You may write not only an argumentative essay but even a novel. So for this type of work you should have information about the period you are writing about, about fashion, food, and habits of this period. You must always note the information about data that you have found to use in your outline. Note down everything you may need to find this information again. Step 4 You also should make a decision about your paper outline type. For this purpose, you can use some short phrases to make your outline more general and flexible. Don’t forget to use full sentences and complete details.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Or you can start it with some flexible structure features as a topic essay outline. Then consider converting it into a sentence outline. The main difference between these two is that you can use complete sentences from the second variant later in your article. Step 5 You must deal with ordering your supporting information. The main purpose of it is to support your main goal. You need to be sure that your order of the information is the most effective one and does its job perfectly. Consider starting with your best and strongest points. You should be sure that all the evidence are related and well-organized flowing one into another.  Ã‚  Ã‚   This may be the chronological order, especially when it is some historically themed paper. You also may order your evidence by theme for some literature interpretation, for example. If you want to show both sides of the story before taking your way, you must present evidence from your side for the better effect. We hope this info will help you to create a strong and reliable outline for your argumentative essay. In case you need help, you are always welcomed on our website. 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Reading response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 40

Reading response - Essay Example "Is a plongeurs work really necessary... He earns his bread in the sweat of his brow, but it does not follow that he is doings anything useful." This quote could be found in Chapter XXII when the author is just about to give up working at Auberge, with promise of working prospects in London. In this quote something is being said about poverty: That there are people who would willingly accept their plight because it is necessary. The argument is that it must be done, otherwise something in society will fail. The author, for example, mentioned that there were so many men with university degrees in Paris working as dishwashers and seemed to choose the because it is necessary. The offshoot was that they were trapped into poverty. For all his seeming practicality and sense, why would the author risk going to London on the strength of a friends recommendation? His friend Boris has already led him into deeper mire than he was in previously, so why trust his life on

INSANITY AND MURDER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

INSANITY AND MURDER - Essay Example Women were further forced into the stereotypical passive housewife role† (Frick, 2002). Those women who found this role difficult to assume were often the subjects of harsh treatments or otherwise controlling methods that were designed to bring them back into their socially accepted, and therefore considered natural, roles. â€Å"Cures included bed rest, seclusion, bland food, refrain from mental activities (such as reading), daily massage, and sensory depravation. Though these treatments do not seem too appalling, they were comparable to solitary confinement and would often drive a woman to further insanity† (Frick, 2002). These are the types of women who are often seen gracing the pages of late nineteenth and early 20th century writers such as William Faulkner and Susan Glaspell. In stories like â€Å"A Rose for Emily† (Faulkner) and â€Å"Trifles† (Glaspell), women can be seen to be driven to insanity by the controlling actions of the men. Faulkner introduces Miss Emily Grierson as a woman who has never been provided an opportunity to become comfortable or familiar with the world outside of her father’s old world ideals. â€Å"None of the young men were quite good enough to Miss Emily and such. We had long thought of them as a tableau; Miss Emily a slender figure in white in the background, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip, the two of them framed by the back-flung front door† (437). This created a situation in which Miss Emily â€Å"got to be thirty and was still single† (437), forced to live in her maidenhood forever and lacking any connection to the rest of the world. Miss Emily’s inability to relate to the real world outside her fantasy is first manifested completely when she refused to acknowledge her father’s change of state upon his death. â€Å"Miss Emily met them at the door, dressed as usual and with no trace of

Skill of Narration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Skill of Narration - Essay Example Plutarch's central argument is the possibility of anybody to rise above his circumstances by the exercise of his will and hard work. He gives a detailed portrait of Coriolanus. He explores Coriolanus' family background, culture, psychology, and morality. These determinants and the historical context shaped his character. Plutarch shows us how sentiments are the humans' strongest motivating force. The passionate urge in Coriolanus, operative from child hood to reach the stature of a great soldier, drives him to work for it with determination. Plutarch thus forcibly presents the psychological reasons behind the journey from ordinary circumstances to that of a significant figure in the Roman history glorified by generations of people. Plutarch's strength as a narrator springs from his penetrating vision of the psychological side of his subject. The distinguishing feature of Corilanus' character was his detachment from personal glory usually found in most people of ambition. This trait is so very well expressed in chosen word that a flood of light is thrown on his subject as in this excerpt: And, whereas others made glory the end of their daring, the end of his glory was his mother's gladness; the delight she took to hear him praised and to see him crowned, and her weeping for joy in his embraces rendered him in his own thoughts the most honoured and most happy person in the world. The aesthetic approach of Plutarch is in stark contrast to the didacticism of Bede who writes on a saint of heroic Christian virtues. The central concern of Bede to edify his readers by the exemplary conduct of Cuthbert deflects from the purpose of providing aesthetic pleasure. While Bede reveals the character of Cuthbert conforming to the Christian ideal, the inner side of the Saint is not sufficiently looked at nor is it understood in the style of narration. Cuthbert as a saint working miracles is in the realm of supernatural, while Coriolanus performing heroic feats is in the realm of the natural. Bede's life of Cuthbert is in the form of a string of miracles. Since the aim of the biography was to instill in the reader faith in the powers of saints in the performing of miracles, the literary flourishes are somewhat rudimentary. The sentences do not have the vigour of narrative found in the style of Plutarch. However a believer by the disposition of his mind might find relish in th e style of Bede, as it elevates him to realize the power of God's saints in their miracles. The typical miracle conveys the ineffectiveness of human intervention in a crisis. Bede concludes the miraculous way in which the saint put our a fire: But it was not only in the case of an apparition of a fire that his power was shown; for he extinguished a real fire by the fervency of his tears, when many had failed in putting it out with all the water they could get. NARRATIVE IN VASARI'S LIFE OF DONATELLO AND AUBREY'S LIFE OF THOMAS HOBBES The endowments of a writer are usually reflected in his technique of narration. Vasari was a painter and an architect and in the assessment of Donatello he is able to look at him from the angle of an artist that gives the writing a quality of credibility and hence, on the part of the reader, greater willingness to accept the piece of writing. However, the endowments of Audrey was some what limited compared to the standing the Thomas Hobbes enjoyed while

Australian Rules essay Essay Example for Free

Australian Rules essay Essay Australian rules is set in a small rural town, where the relationships between the white townspeople and the Aboriginal people on the mission are complex, conflicted and marred by deeply entrenched racism. The local football team in many ways serves to represent the town, it reflects the conflicted relationship between the white people and the Aboriginal people- we begin to understand this as the film unfolds. Other themes inherent in the film are themes of family, love, loyalty and violence- the secrecy of domestic violence and the more overt forms of racial violence that spill out onto the public spheres of the football field and the pub. The opening narration informs us that half the football team is Aboriginal and that there would not be a football team without the Aboriginal players, therefore we understand how the town team relies on the talent and number of the Aboriginal players. We then witness the contradiction of the white and Aboriginal boys playing side by side as team members followed by the social segregation between the members after the match. This segregation is highlighted by Blacky (a white boy from town) and Dumby (an Aboriginal boy who is the best player on the team) whose friendship transcends these borders and we also witness ways that this segregation between the white teenager and Aboriginal teenagers is culturally imposed by certain adults. In one of the beginning scenes, just after a football match, Dumby and Blacky want to ‘hang out’ together, but Dumby is taken back to the mission by an older friend and Blacky cannot follow. Blacky, Clarence and Dumby all call out to each other ‘Nukkin ya’ and this use of Aboriginal language between two Aboriginal teenagers and Blacky the white boy signifies the level of their friendship and mutual acceptance. Pickles’ comment to Blacky that ‘now he even talks like one’, symbolises the town’s disapproval of such respect for Aboriginal culture and Aboriginal people. The character of Pretty, Dumby’s older friend from the mission, plays an important role in the film. He was once a talented football player himself but no longer ‘kicks goals for whitefellas’ and he is significant because he is the main character to verbalise that Aboriginal people are treated differently and unfairly. He is somewhat aggressive in his approach, expressing bitterness and resentment, yet it is implied that his approach is reactionary to the way he has been treated, and his statementsoverlooked by the white coach- are significant examples of changing responses to uneven power dynamics. For example the white coach tells Dumby to make sure all the Aboriginal team players turn up to the next match and Pretty interjects stating that it doesn’t work that way anymore, his metaphor of ‘yes sir, no sir, three bags full sir’, clearly refers to the history of Aboriginal people being used as servants and points out that the coach’s approach of ordering Dumby around is no longer appropriate. Unfortunately the coach does not take this message on and rather than acknowledging the Aboriginal boys as talented, valuable and indeed essential team players, he nervously treats them as unreliable boys who may destroy the team’s chances by not turning up. This attitude of relying on Aboriginal talent, whilst refusing to appropriately acknowledge this talent is made explicitly clear during the award giving ceremony that takes place after the team win the finals. Pretty is made to leave the ceremony after he disputes the truth of a speech about the egalitarian nature of football ‘where you can be anyone, from anywhere, and receive the recognition you deserve’. Pretty is immediately proved to be right when the awards are given only to white boys, and Dumby, who is obviously the most talented player on the team is left completely unacknowledged. There is a direct shift in Dumby’s response and he becomes more like Pretty, demonstrating anger and resentment, rather than his normal cheerful, co operative self. This gives us insight into Pretty’s character and how he may have developed the attitude that he has towards white people. Pretty and Dumby’s break-in to the pub that very night can be interpreted as a direct response to the unfairness of the award ceremony- although there are characters, such as the coach, who are not willing to see the connection. The fact that Dumby is then murdered by Blacky’s father is a complicated event with many layers of meaning. The insights we have been given about Blacky’s father prior to the shooting is that of a man who dominates his family, puts down his sons for showing vulnerability and who physically abuses his wife. There are instances in which we can see links between the violence he demonstrates towards his family and the verbal and physical violence he feels justified in displaying towards Dumby, and then later towards Dumby’s sister, Clarence. There is a scene in which the father physically attacks Blacky and forces Blacky to declare loyalty to him (regarding the shooting), meanwhile verbally abusing Clarence with racial slurs and ordering her to get out of his house. During this scene the camera pans onto the faces of the Blacky’s mother and siblings and we see how domestic and racial violence become enmeshed, that the father’s attack on Blacky for being with Clarence is an act of violence that hurts his whole family. Interestingly it is Clarence who is the least cowed in this scene, she does not show fear and walks out with dignity. In this way we can see how control and domination is a particular pattern in this family, but is not taken on by Clarence. In many ways, the shooting, and the following events, are catalysts for great changes, both in the town, and more specifically in Blacky’s family. Blacky rejects his parent’s demands to maintain loyalty to his father and instead Blacky remains loyal to his friendship with Dumby. Blacky’s rejection of his father’s authority instigates other members of the family, such as his mother and next youngest brother who subtly take Blacky’s side. The scene where his brother urges him to get up and face his father, (when his father beat him to the ground), symbolises the request of his family for Blacky to represent them all and challenge the father’s authority. The resolution of the film sees the father gone, leaving Clarence and Blacky happily together but planning to this town ‘that has nothing for them’. The fate of the town is not so happy, the boys from the mission won’t come to town and there is no longer a football team. In many ways we can see how Australian rules reflects the complexities of human relationships- of love and loyalty and hatred and violence, and clearly demonstrates how deeply entrenched racism hurts everyone. The town, through its racism has destroyed the tentative trust of the Aboriginal people and has lost its ‘glory’- its winning football team. Its seems empty, a place only good for leaving.

Reflexivity :: Enthnography Anthropology Essays

Reflexivity Anthropologists research and write. They participate and observe in order to produce ethnographies. While some anthropologists venture to â€Å"exotic† lands to study the â€Å"natives,† others conduct ethnographic research within their own culture. Despite the diverse cultures they examine and the use of a tape recorder instead of a pen and a notebook, the ethnographic process is virtually the same. Or is it? Although similarities between ethnographies exist, when it comes down to it, ethnographies differ from one anthropologist to the next and one culture to the next based on the writing techniques applied by the ethnographer, the position of the anthropologist (age, gender, class, culture), and his or her life experiences. Some ethnographers use reflexivity, a writing tool that personalizes ethnography as the anthropologist writes about his/herself in the work. In a reflexive ethnography, the anthropologist positions his/herself in relation to the examined c ulture and writes about his/her ethnographic experience, an experience which hopefully bridged the gap between the anthropologist’s culture and studied culture, converting the â€Å"outsider† status of the anthropologist to an â€Å"insider† position. Reflexivity allows the ethnographer to show how and why it is that he/she empathizes with a culture and to allow the audience an opportunity to identify with a culture that is not his/her own. Ultimately, reflexivity conveys the importance to acknowledge the similarities and differences that exist between cultures. In a reflexive ethnography, anthropologists locate their position in another culture and outline their experiences inside and outside of the examined culture. George E. Marcus describes reflexivity as â€Å"the practice of positioning† (Marcus 198). Reflexivity â€Å"locates the ethnographer . . . his or her literal position in relation to subjects† (Marcus 197-198). In other words, reflexivity conveys to the audience that the ethnographer â€Å"was there.† In most cases the ethnographer uses phrases such as, â€Å"I realized,† or, â€Å"I examined,† or simply â€Å"I.† This declaration of first-hand cultural knowledge grants the ethnographer authority to write about and understand a culture because he/she participated and observed the culture in action. Renato Rosaldo writes about positioning and the authority it gives him to write about the Ilongot tribe. In â€Å"Grief and a Headhunter’s Rage,† he writes, â€Å"The ethnographer, as a positioned subject, grasps certain human phenomena better than others. He or she occupies a position or structural location and observes with a particular angle of vision .